The food processing industry contributes to economic growth and makes food more available. Wastewaters discharged from food industries need to be characterized often for their compliance to standards by regulatory authorities. In order to reduce environmental pollution, these industries use different treatment methods to treat their wastewater. Characterization of wastewater helps in developing various treatment methods among which are biological techniques, advanced oxidation process (AOP), and more recently adsorption. The biological treatment and AOP have undergone several investigations in the past few years and have advantages ranging from low operation cost to no waste product but not as efficient as adsorption which has low operation cost and high efficiency. This review focuses on works been done on characterization as well as the treatment of wastewater from food processing industry.

Background: Use of abundantly available soft rocks for embankment construction is continuously increasing due to economic reasons. A detailed knowledge on time-dependent deterioration (negative aging) of such weak geomaterial becomes essential for better serviceability of geotechnical structures. Methodology: To explore possible effects of deterioration of soil grains on mechanical properties, a series of consolidated drained torsional shear tests were performed under saturated and dry conditions on crushed soft rocks from Japan and Pakistan. Results: Test results indicated that soils under dry conditions with intact grains exhibited stiffer stress-strain behavior, higher peak stress ratios, and strain softening response after peak shear stress. On the contrary, soils undergoing water-induced deterioration of grain showed enormous loss of strength upon submergence. Mohr-Coulomb failure envelopes elucidated large effects of saturation-induced disintegration of grains on effective angle of internal friction. In addition, peak strength parameters seemed to be relatively more vulnerable to saturated conditions as compared to residual strengths. Conclusion: It is concluded that the observed soil behavior can be crucial to embankments and structural foundations constructed on granular materials obtained from crushed soft rocks.

Introduction: More than a quarter of the world's population is anemic with about one half of the burden from iron deficiency. The prevention and treatment of iron deficiency is a major public health goal especially in women in low-income countries. Challenges in the treatment of iron deficiency include a selection of an iron replacement product that can be given as high-dose intravenous (IV) infusion in single visit with good safety profile. In this pilot study, a new IV therapeutic agent iron isomaltoside 1000 with above-desired properties was investigated to establish its efficacy in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Material and Methods: This 3 months' prospective interventional hospital-based study was conducted on 42 nonpregnant women with moderate-to-severe anemia attending obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Government Medical College Banda in Bundelkhand region. Pre- and post-hemoglobin (Hb) estimation after 3 weeks of a single shot of iron isomaltoside 1000 IV infusion was done. A rise in Hb of 2 g/dl or more at 21 days was considered a satisfactory response. SPSS software 17.0 version was used for data analysis. Results: Mean preinfusion Hb was found to be 7.139 g/dl and mean postinfusion Hb was found to be 10.088 g/dl. Thus, a rise of 2.949 g/dl in mean Hb after 3 weeks was recorded after a single infusion of iron isomaltoside among the anemic females. Conclusion: Iron isomaltoside has demonstrated robust efficacy in patients suffering from IDA due to different etiologies. The wide dosing range allows iron correction in a single visit with minimal risk of anaphylaxis and is thus cost-effective for health-care system.

Frozen shoulder is a common condition in which the articular shoulder capsule swells and stiffens, restricting its mobility. Key characteristics are gradual onset of shoulder stiffness, pain especially at night, and restriction in movement of the shoulder. It is generally diagnosed clinically or with the help of imaging technique. Conservative treatments include analgesics, oral steroids, and intra-articular corticosteroid injections. If symptoms persist despite conservative measures, the surgical treatments were adopted. In modern medicine managing, such conditions are really a hard task. In Unani System of Medicine, there is specific treatment which can provide complete relief; for this, an Unani physician acquires different manipulative therapies such as regimental therapy (massage and cupping). In this paper, one such case is discussed in which patient was distressed by the pain and restricting movements of joints so that performing even small daily tasks are impossible for him/her. The treatment of such painful condition without aid of any analgesic with simple regimental therapy (massage and cupping) is really appreciable. The paper also gives the details of the method employed and material required of massage and cupping.